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Cerebrovascular disease and risk of stroke
Submitted by Dr. Yasser
Mokhtar, MD. Dept. of internal medicine. School of
medicine, University of South Dakota.
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Stroke is a loss of cerebral
function with symptoms lasting >24 hrs or death due to vascular
disease |
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The term cerebrovascular disease designates any abnormality of the brain
resulting from a pathologic process of the blood vessels e.g. occlusion of the
lumen by a thrombus or embolus, rupture of the vessel, any lesion or altered
permeability of the vessel wall and increased viscosity or other change in
quality of blood. Disorders of the cerebral circulation include any disease of
the vascular system that causes ischemia or infarction of the brain or
spontaneous hemorrhage into the brain or subarachnoid space. Although the
classification of cerebrovascular diseases can be complex, four practical
definitions are adequate for most clinical purposes (National Institute of
Neurological disorders and Stroke 1990).
Stroke (Cerebrovascular accident)
This is rapidly developing clinical symptoms and / or signs of focal and at
times global loss of cerebral function with symptoms lasting more than twenty
four hours or leading to death with no apparent cause other than that of
vascular origin (Hatano 1976).
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
This is acute loss of focal cerebral function with symptoms lasting for less
than twenty four hours, which after adequate investigation, is presumed to be
due to embolic or thrombotic vascular disease (Warlow and Morris 1982).
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Reversible ischemic neurologic deficit (RIND)
The symptoms last for more than twenty four hours and resolve within three
weeks. This term has been used to define what is nothing other than a mild
ischemic stroke with no persisting neurological disability.
Multi-infarct (arteriosclerotic) dementia
There is deterioration in previously normal intellect and / or memory due to
repeated clinical or subclinical episodes of cerebral ischemia, infarction or
hemorrhage.
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